What Is The Valley Of Ashes In The Great Gatsby - 1311 Words

In the fiction novel The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the story is told from the first person point of view through Nick Carraway, retelling the accounts of our protagonist, Jay Gatsby. Throughout this piece, Jay Gatsby strives to be with his so-called true love, Daisy, but soon finds out that she married another man, which creates conflict between many of the characters. The Great Gatsby has an abundance of symbols throughout the entire text, including the Valley of Ashes representing the moral and social decay of society in the 1920s, the green light symbolizing Gatsby s desire to have Daisy as well as the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleberg representing God piercing down upon and judging the American society of this era. One†¦show more content†¦To explain not only do they live in an atmosphere full of ash, but it is turning regular humans into â€Å"ash-grey men† who â€Å"swarm† like insects around the factories and cargo trains (that’s the â€Å"l ine of grey cars†). These are the people who do not get to enjoy either the luxury of life out on Long Island or the faster-paced anonymous fun that Nick finds himself enjoying in Manhattan. In the novel’s world of haves and have-nots, these are the have-nots. In conclusion, the Valley of Ashes shows the social decay that results from the wealthy indulging people of West and East Egg taking advantage society and leaving the poor have to live among the ashes. Another major symbol in the great gatsby that relates to the social decay of society is the green light, which represents gatsby s hopes and dreams for his future which is associated with daisy. But it doesn t just relate to the social decay, but also the way on how corrupt minds view the American dream and what it should be. Gatsby is hoping that his dream can become a reality so he can stop being lonely and finally fill that missing piece of his life. He looks at this light every night, â€Å"he stretched out hi s arms toward the dark water in a curious way† as he looks at the light he imagines himself in a happy home with daisy and everything is great in his mind which is what he wants.Show MoreRelatedThe Valley Of Ashes In The Great Gatsby Analysis1569 Words   |  7 Pages In the novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald,the author uses The Valley of Ashes as a symbol of the tragedy of the middle class, death, and hell in order to show that the poor citizens of America live a tragic life. The reader is first introduced to the dirty, impoverished Valley of Ashes when Tom Buchanan brings the narrator Nick Carraway to meet his mistress, and is later used as a setting of tragedy. Nick first arrives in the Valley of Ashes when Tom forces him to meet Myrtle, his mistressRead MoreSymbolism And Symbolism Of The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald993 Words   |  4 PagesConte Roe H English 10 December 2012 In every piece of great literature authors use symbols to convey a feeling or thought. The novel, For example, Lord the Flies, William Golding memorably uses a conch shell to represent order and the destruction of order. Or in To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee uses the physical and metaphoric sense of the mockingbird to convey the idea of innocence and the loss of innocence. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald employs the use of symbols to enhance aRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, symbolism plays a major role in the continuation of the plot. Symbolism in this novel uncovers emotional backstories of the main characters, shows why the characters make the choices they do, and the difference of the meaning of certain objects in the novel. Although there are many different symbols in The Great Gatsby, the ones that stick out the most are the green light, the eyes of T.J. Eckleburg, and the Valle y of Ashes. Each symbol can have many differentRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1318 Words   |  6 PagesFitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. There are many symbols used in the book The Great Gatsby such as the green light, the valley of ashes, and the eyes of Doctor T.J. Eckleburg. The green light represents Jay Gatsby’s hopes, as well as his dreams, for the future. Because many people strive to become rich in The Great Gatsby, the result is moral and social decay. The valley of ashes represents social and moral decay, and it also represents the predicament of poor because the poor live in the filthy ashes and loseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Waste Land Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesEnvoking T.S. Eliot’s poem â€Å"The Waste Land†, the â€Å"Valley of Ashes† depicted in The Great Gatsby serves a multitude of symbolic functions. It primarily provides significant contrast to East and West Egg. This contrast is not simplistic, as Fitzgerald guides the reader into understanding that the areas are inextricably linked in terms of the American dream and moral corruption. Furthermore, the Valley of Ashes is a physical manifestation of the theme of death and mortality constantly being threadedRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay983 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby portrays the general feeling of the 1920’s through complex characters such as Jay Gatsby, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and Nick Carraway. Fitzgerald uses symbols such as the billboard, the green light, and the valley of ashes to convey themes and propel the plot forward. T.J Eckleburg’s giant eyed billboard is an essential symbol in The Great Gatsby. Eckleburg’s watchful eyes are a representation of God that observe the people who live in East and West Egg and the valley of ashes. TheyRead MoreF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby974 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the Valley of Ashes: The Great Gatsby â€Å"This is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and raising smoke and finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 26). In the novel, â€Å"The Great Gatsby,† the author F. Scott Fitzgerald, mainly depicted lives of the rich and their luxuries but also showed theRead More The Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Gatsby and the Valley of Ashes    Many times we hear of societys affect on people; society influencing the way people think and act.   Hardly mentioned is the reverse: peoples actions and lifestyles affecting society as a whole and how it is characterized.   Thus, society is a reflection of its inhabitants and in The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, it is a wasteland described as the valley of ashes.   Since the characters of this novel make up this wasteland, arent they theRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald970 Words   |  4 Pages The Great Gatsby the American Dream The story The Great Gatsby occurs within the limits of Long Island, New York in the summer of 1922. The era of perished moral values, distrust, greediness, and an unfilled search of happiness. F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of this novel) introduces many different characters who, ultimately, were in search of the American Dream. Nick Carraway, the narrator goes to New York in hopes of learning about the bond business. Nick wishes to one day achieve the AmericanRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald957 Words   |  4 PagesThe story The Great Gatsby occurs within the limits of Long Island, New York, in the summer of 1922. 1922 was the era of perished moral values, distrust, greediness, and an unfilled search of happiness. F. Scott Fitzgerald author of this novel introduces many characters who, ultimately, are in search of the American Dream. Nick Carraway, the narrator, goes to New York in hopes of learning about the bond business. Nick hopes that one day become rich. He lives in West Egg were the â€Å"new rich† reside

Descartes First Meditation On The Existence Of God

Sara Simpson Final Paper Due: 12/06/2015 Professor Minglai Dong Descartes Third Meditation: Recommended Topic 2 Descartes’ third meditation on First Philosophy is all about the existence of God. There are many things that Descartes talks about in this meditation. His intentions are to create a set of proofs or arguments that will irrefutably prove God’s existence. He already believes that God exists but he is mainly trying to dispute the reasons why God might not exist or how God may be a deceiver. The definition of God to Descartes can be summed up as the ultimate perfect being that is infinite. As a rationalist, Descartes was interested in knowledge based on reason or logic. The existence of God was an important facet to his understanding, because the existence of such a being meant that his knowledge could be certain. Descartes says, â€Å"I think therefore I am. †He can say with metaphysical certainty that he exists due to his ability to think and to reason. He is certain that he exists and is a thinking thing that doubts, affirms, denies, etc. â€Å"I am a thing that thinks, that is to say, a thing that doubt, affirms, denies, understands a few things, is ignorant of many things, wills, refrains from willing, and also imagines and senses. (Descartes 70)† He then goes on to talk about math as an example of a certain and simple concept that is also true and important to him. â€Å"But what about when I considered something very simple and easy in the areas of arithmetic orShow MoreRelatedDescartes Belief in God Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes and God In his groundbreaking work, Meditations on First Philosophy, the French philosopher Rene Descartes lays the groundwork for many philosophical principles by attempting to â€Å"establish a bold and lasting knowledge† (171)1. The foundations for knowledge Descartes established would go on to influence a plethora of other philosophers and philosophical works. Descartes argues in his meditations first from the point of view of complete skepticism, using skepticism as a tool in order toRead MoreAnalysis Of Descartes s The Six Meditations 1272 Words   |  6 Pagesthe six Meditations, Descartes comes to the conclusion that memories and dreams are deceptive and are not to be trusted. He discusses the existence of material objects, God, and himself. God exists and allows deception and Descartes’ ability to recognize that everything is false proves that he exists as well. He explains the difference between imagination and intellect, as well as the idea that the senses are dece ptive and that knowledge comes from the mind and reason. Descartes’ belief in God allowsRead More Descartes1226 Words   |  5 Pages The next stage in the system, as outlined in the Meditations, seeks to establish that God exists. In his writings, Descartes made use of three principal arguments. The first (at least in the order of presentation in the Meditations) is a causal argument. While its fullest statement is in Meditation III, it is also found in the Discourse (Part IV) and in the Principles (Part I  §Ã‚ § 17–18). The argument begins by examining the thoughts contained in the mind, distinguishing between the formal realityRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1712 Words   |  7 PagesDescartes’ Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) contains six Meditations. In the first two of these Descartes addresses doubt and certainty. By the end of the second Meditation Descartes establishes the possibility of certainty by concluding that he is a â€Å"thinking thing† and that this is beyond doubt. Having established the possibility of certainty, Descartes attempts to prove the existence of God. The argument he presents in the Third Meditation for the existence of God has been nicknamed theRead MoreDescartes Meditation Iii1297 Words   |  6 PagesIn the Mediations of First Philosophy Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion that God does exist. Next, I will debateRead MoreEssay about Descartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence1382 Words   |  6 PagesDescartes Third Meditation: Proof of Gods Existence In Rene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes is seeking to find a system of stable, lasting and certain knowledge, which he can ultimately regard as the Truth. In his methodical quest to carry out his task, Descartes eventually arrives at the proverbial fork in the road: how to bridge the knowledge of self with that of the rest of the world. Descartes’ answer to this is to prove the existence of God. The purpose of this essayRead MoreComparing Aquinas And Descartes Arguments For The Existence Of God766 Words   |  4 PagesAquinas and Descartes both have arguments for the existence of God, with some similarities and a multitude of differences. Descartes presents two major premises in his argument with his degrees of reality principle and his casual adequacy principle. It is possible for Descartes to be influenced by Aquinas, but the arguments for the same thing differ greatly that even if any inspiration Descartes could have pulled from Aquinas work is minimal , to say the least. Comparing Aquinas and Descartes they bothRead MoreAnalysis Of Rene Descartes s Meditations On First Philosophy 1399 Words   |  6 Pages Rene Descartes was born in in La Haye, France, in 1596 and he studied at La Fleche Jesuit College and University of Poitiers. Descartes also lived in Germany, Holland and Sweden. He then worked in the army as a private councillor and then as a court philosopher. Descartes book ‘Meditations on First Philosophy’ was first published in 1641. The edition used to write this essay was edited by John Cottingham and was published by the Cambridge University Press in 1996. Descartes was the first philosophyRead MoreDescartes and God Essay820 Words   |  4 PagesDescartes and God Everywhere in this world there are debates on many things. Logic is often employed in order to understand and come to an agreement on these debated topics. One such topic, which is arguably the greatest topic of debate occurring in modern day, is the existence of God. Sure, many people believe in some sort of higher being, but how many of them try and use logic and rational thought to prove the existence of God. Many probably, however we will only look at one such person.Read MoreEssay on Mediations of First Philosophy by Descartes1296 Words   |  6 PagesMediations of First Philosophy by Descartes In the â€Å"Mediations of First Philosophy† Descartes tries to prove the existence of God in the third meditation. He does this by coming up with several premises that eventually add up to a solid argument. First, I will explain why Descartes ask the question, does god exist? And why does Descartes think he needs such and argument at this point in the text. Secondly, I will explain, in detail, the arguments that Descartes makes and how he comes to the conclusion

A Brief Overview of the Interralatedness of the Three Gospels Free Essays

string(28) " in constructing their own\." Introduction: Coming to Terms with the Problem Most everyone who reads the Synoptic Gospels observes similarities that exist among them; their passages are very similar in content and structure which would make one think the authors borrowed material from each other or perhaps at all the same sources. However they are equally different in content and structure. This brings about the problems with the Synoptic Gospels commonly called the â€Å"Synoptic Problem. We will write a custom essay sample on A Brief Overview of the Interralatedness of the Three Gospels or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Looking for a solution that is reasonable and defensible, we will look at biblical history, early church history, and the content of the Gospels themselves. As I answer these questions, and bring an overview to the synoptic problem, and provide a defense of the Fourfold-Gospel Hypothesis as the most reasonable and dependable solution to the problem. A General Description of Synoptic Relationships Synoptic Gospels fall into three separate categories: wording (vocabulary), order (structure), and parenthetical material. Relationships and Content Consider the following verse from the passage in Matthew 19 about the children coming to Jesus. Matthew 19:14 Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them; for to such belongs the Mark 10:14 the children come to me, do not hinder them; for such belongs the Luke 18:16 Let the children come to me, and do not hinder them; for to such belongs the Matthew 19:14 kingdom of heaven. † Mark 10:15 kingdom of God. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom Luke 18:17 kingdom of God. Truly I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom Matthew 19:15 And he? Mark 10:16 of God like a child shall not enter it.† And he took them in his arms and Luke 18:17 of God like a child shall not enter it. † Following Swanson’s method of underlining the similarities, one can see there are definite similarities between the Gospels. There are however differences, the italicized words shown in Mark and Luke show the difference in formatting. The parenthetical materials in the Synoptic Gospels writers create the relationship in the content. Stein states that â€Å"it is highly unlikely that two or three writers would by coincidence insert into their  accounts exactly the same editorial comment at exactly the same place†. The Gospels themselves show the phenomenon of similarity and divergence within the structure. Much of the history and teaching of the Synoptic Gospels is contained in pericopac (literary units comprised of one argument or thought) and these pericopae often appear in the same order in all three Gospels, and yet there are obvious differences. Carson and Moo explain this problem well: All three Synoptic Gospels roughly follow the same order of events, even when there is no clear chronological or historical reason to do so. Each evangelist, however, omits material found in the other two, each contains unique incidents, and some of the events that are found in one or both of the others are put in a different order. The Investigative History of Synoptic Relationships The history of the investigation into the relationship between the Synoptic Gospels is divided into two great epochs: the early Church in the modern church era. The Early Church According to Dugan in his notes a History of Synoptic Problem, many are taken accounts to writing of the life of Jesus of Nazareth including Luke in Luke 1:1-4. Tatian (c. 110-172) put the four Gospels together in his famous book Diatessaron. Tatian worked to fit the four Gospels into one bound book. Ammonius in the third century took Matthews Gospel and broken it paragraphs. He also took the other three Gospels and rearranged their content. Augustine (AD 354-430) produced works called On the Harmony of the Evangelist. Augustine’s work was typical of many harmonies of Gospels purchased early years of the church. Modern synopsis was produced in 1776 by J. J. Griesbach. The Modern Church No attempts were made to parallel the Gospels except for Ammonius until the eighteenth century. The archetype of the modern-day synopsis is Griesbach. From the eighteenth century there’s been an explosion of study and investigation into how the Synoptic Gospels relate to each other. Many criticisms have reason over the Synoptic Gospels from oral traditions to reaction criticism. Proposed Solutions for the Synoptic Problem Forming a hypothesis around the first three Gospels; while looking at the exact agreement within them and yet the wide divergence of what is written in them. There are four principle explanations of the Synoptic Problem. Common Dependence on One Original Source The German critic Gotthold Lessing proposed a solution to the synoptic problem using type of proto-Gospel that has since been lost as a common source for the Gospel writers. This source is referred to as â€Å"Ur-gospel† and it seemed to have been written in Arabic or Hebrew. Lessing understood Luke’s prologue to be a narrative. J. G. Eichhorn and others took the Ur-gospel and modified it to include some possibly â€Å"lost Gospels as the sources for the synoptic Gospels† Common Dependence on Oral Sources  J. G. Herder in 1797, proposed his hypothesis stating the oral summaries of the life of Christ. Gundry believes that the Ur-gospel theory lacks credibility with the relationship between the Gospels. Gundry explains: †¦ Most modern scholars doubt that transmission by word-of-mouth could have retained so many and such minute verbal resemblances as exist among the synoptics, especially in the narrative, which is not so likely to have been memorized verbatim as possibly the words of Jesus were memorized. Common Dependence on Gradually Developing Written Fragments  F. Schleiermacher originally suggested this theory in 1817, suggested that the church began to collect fragmented writings from the apostles. These fragmented writings became the source of material for the Synoptic Gospels. This cannot be true though. There is more evidence now than ever that there was simply sharing of material between the synoptic writers. Interdependent This group of proposed solutions assumes that â€Å"two of the evangelists used one or more of the other Gospels in constructing their own. You read "A Brief Overview of the Interralatedness of the Three Gospels" in category "Papers"† There were other material that could have been used during this period of time; however the apostles writing at the same time borrowed text from each other to write their own Gospels. The third hypothesis worth mentioning is the Augustine proposal. The Augustine Proposal The Augustine proposal says the Gospels were put into the Canon according to their composition. Some proposal says that Matthew was written first, then Mark, Luke, then John. Augustine is the first theologian from the west to make the connection between Mark and Matthew’s Gospel, and assuming that Luke borrowed documents from both to write his Gospel. Augustine’s theory of interdependent was the predominant theory until the eighteenth century when several other proposals began to surface. The Two-Gospel and Two-Source hypothesis are the most widely accepted theories today. The Two-Gospel (Griesbach) Theory In 1789 J. J. Griesbach published a paper in which he proposed the order of synoptic compositions of Matthew, Luke, and Mark each writer’s previous writers work. Griesbach says Matthew wrote his gospel first, Luke used Matthews Gospel to write his, and Mark used both Matthew and Luke’s Gospel to write his Gospel. Orchard has taken Griesbachs’ theory to a new level. Orchard has done research in the area of the Two-Gospel Theory and believes that Marks Gospel is a composition of Matthew and Luke’s Gospel. The Two-Source Theory This is by far the most widely accepted solution to the Synoptic Problem. Their primary sources of Synoptic Gospels. Markan believes that Mark’s Gospel was written before Matthew and Luke, and â€Å"Q† a saying source. Mark parallels Matthew 97. 2% of the time, while Luke parallels Matthews’s gospel 88. 4% of the time. Mark awkwardly wrote suggesting that it was the first gospel written and that my fuse was written later, using Mark’s primary source, correcting the difficulties with the language. It would be easy later on in expressions that might be misunderstood. With Matthew and Luke having so many verbal language agreements with Mark it would indicate that Mark was written first and they at least collaborated or used the same material when writing the Gospels. The â€Å"Q† becomes a factor when looking at Markans assumption that Matthew and Luke used Marks Gospel yet writing independent of each other. The two source theory is by far the most widely accepted explanation of the Synoptic Problem. With this theory Matthew and Luke used Marks Gospel as their narrative source and Q for their material. However there appears to be a better explanation of the synoptic problem. The Fourfold -Gospel Hypothesis takes in both the initial evidence the external evidence. The Fourfold -Gospel hypothesis is the most dependable and reasonable solution to the synoptic problem. The fourfold-Gospel Hypothesis: A Most Reasonable and Defensible Solution Scott McKnight makes and observation surrounding the Synoptic Problem. Literary levels connect Matthew Mark and Luke and they are highly mutually dependent on each other. Mark can be considered the middle factor. Benard Orchard gives a logical conclusion to the Synoptic Problem. Orchard states: â€Å"†¦ The historical and patristic evidence, the internal critical evidence for mutual literacy dependence, and the â€Å"scenario† necessary to show how the tendency between the first and the second lines of the argument can be satisfactorily resolved.† With the Fourfold-Gospel Hypothesis, Matthew Rocha particularly Jewish church in acts 1-12, Luke wrote second to provide the gospel to a Hellenistic church that was in a missionary expansion with Paul in acts 13-28, while Mark was last Gospel written and records Peter preaching in Rome. External Historic and Patristic Evidence With fourteen different patristic witnesses on Blacks list that support the theory that Mark wrote last and used Matthew and Luke. According to the Patristic witnesses Matthew wrote second and John wrote last. Paul helped Luke write his Gospel either second or third. According to historic evidence in the early church, Matthew wrote first, second, and Mark). Lea and Black disagree with Markan saying: â€Å"however popular Markan priority may be today, it seems to fly in the face of the statements of the earliest church fathers, who are almost unanimous in asserting that Matthew predated both Mark and Luke. † Internal Evidence Markan states Mark was written first due to the shortness of the Gospel. As Matthew and Luke wrote their Gospels more accurate information was available then when Mark wrote his Gospel. Mark writes about five periods of Christ’s ministry. Mark’s writing style is also simple and primitive compared with Matthew and Luke. Mark writes much of Peter’s preaching. â€Å"All that internal literacy criticism can do is to show that an existing text could have originated in more than one way. † When looking for reasonable and dependable solutions one must choose â€Å"the source theory that best reflects the actual historical circumstances† for this solution of the Synoptic Problem. When looking historically and biblically as a scenario to Mark’s writing the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis represents Mark’s writing well. The Scenario of Mark’s Writing In Jerusalem and Palestine during the final stages of the formation of the early church there was almost exclusive focus on preaching of the Gospels to the Jews. Matthew predicts Jesus is the fulfillment of the Jewish prophecy. A need arose as the gospel progressed from Palestine to the Jews of Diaspora and then to the Gentiles. The need for a universal Christ and less Jewish Christ and a more Hellenistic Gospel. This would be Luke’s account it is â€Å"directed toward those Hellenistic congregations founded by the apostle Paul on his missionary journeys. † Mark binds Matthew and Luke’s Gospels together. Black explains Mark’s gospel: â€Å"because secondary chapter, Luke needed the approval of an eyewitness apostle proper accreditation in the church†¦ Peter himself was apostolic eyewitness they provided the accreditation for the gospel of Luke by personally comparing it with the Gospel of Matthew as he gave his own oral version of the stories common to both, at which he himself had been present in person.† Peter uses both Luke and Matthew’s Gospels to preach from, giving accreditation to both Gospels. Paul had been using Luke and Matthews’s gospel and with Peter using them and accepting them it gave a stamp of approval for Paul so no one could accuse Paul of wrong-doing. Looking at the Synoptic Problem the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis is a dependable solution because it takes into account the biblical writing the Gospels, evidence in the writing of the early church fathers, the internal evidence of the Gospels. All three Gospels speak to their own time period. Conclusion This brief overview of the Synoptic Problem has defined the problem by definition. The source relates to the Synoptic Gospels can be seen as a problem. It is difficult to determine the true source of the Synoptic Gospels. They have been part of the canon and church history for centuries. The Synoptic Gospels are part of the big picture, it is divinely inspired, and the inerrant Word of God. The historical evidence would lead one to believe the Fourfold- Gospel Hypothesis is the most reasonable way to make the picture fit. How to cite A Brief Overview of the Interralatedness of the Three Gospels, Papers

The Complete Care Division

Question: Write an essay onThe Complete Care division. Answer: The Complete Care division is undergoing several problems in its day to day functioning. There is shortage of skilled manpower in the company. The repair and services division requires skilled technical operators in their telephone centers. The equipments used by the company are unreliable and they are unable to satisfy the required purpose of performing to the optimum level. The division has also faced the issue of the unavailability of machine parts, which are often required either by themselves or by the customers. The company was unable to provide the desired level of customer satisfaction. It was believed that the company possesses several faults in their operational process for which they received multiple problems from the customers. Purpose of the Research The primary purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of the concerned work division. It is important to determine if the day to day functioning of the division satisfies the goals of the organization. This research paper aims to determine the impact on the customer satisfaction and determine the grievances of the customers regarding the services offered to them as well as the means adapted for service delivery. This paper also strives to improve the operational efficiency of the division, like enhanced solutions to the technical enquiries as well as improved warranty repairs. The research process would comprise of the identification of the problem, determination of the major hurdles of the company, scan the problem issues and devise suitable strategies for the purpose of implementation. The research process deals with the methodologies followed while engaging in research and the type of methodologies followed for the purpose of the research (Repko Szostak, 2016). Experimental design There are two types of research that can be carried out namely quantitative research and qualitative research (Bryman, 2015). The quantitative methods of research includes the generation of theories as well as hypothesis, development of suitable instruments for measurements, experimental control, collection of the empirical data and analysis of the data collected (Creswell, 2013). The qualitative methods are used for the purpose of exploratory research (Silverman, 2013). They are used to understand a wide variety of factors such as motivations, opinions, satisfaction levels, underlying reasons and others. This method provides insights to the problems or helps in the development of new ideas. It gives way for performing the quantitative research. In this research paper, a combination of the quantitative and qualitative process is applied. A standardized questionnaire is required for the purpose of the collection of quantitative data in the research. The questionnaire should be designed in such a way that it answers the research questions and should be in line with the research objectives. The questionnaire should follow a prescribed report format so that the interviewees can fill it quickly. It should be made in such a way that the interviewees can handle each question consistently. A sample questionnaire is prepared for the purpose of carrying out this research- Questions Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Are the customers happy with the services Yes No Dont know Are the customers likely to come back for repeat orders? Yes No Dont know Are there sufficient manpower? Yes No Dont know Is the courier service reliable? Yes No Dont know Are the machine parts available in local market? Yes No Dont know Are the machine parts available in the national market? Yes No Dont know Are there any customer complaints? Yes No Dont know Sample design The sampling method concerns with the selection of a group of individuals from a statistical population. This is done to estimate the demonstrated characteristics of the entire population. The each and every observation made provide a measurement of each of the characteristics concerning the research problem. For example, in the above questionnaire, if the answer to the question Are there any customer complaints is yes for the majority of the population surveyed, it implies that the customer satisfaction level is low. It implies that the organization must take adequate measures to increase the customer satisfaction. The research was carried out on 20 employees of the CompleteCare division of the company. The participants were asked the survey questionnaires and their feedbacks are noted. The researcher has used pseudo names for the identification of the participants. The simple random sampling method is followed for the purpose of this study. This method allows the researcher to utilize the statistical methods in order to analyze the sample results. Data Collection The theoretical framework of this research was done through detailed investigation as well as through the relevant literature available in the books, literary works and journals, which directly relate to the problem statement (Englander, 2012). The relevant literature work concerning the customer satisfaction, operation management and customer grievance handling are analyzed in detail (Englander, 2012). A questionnaire was formulated that helped the researcher to find answers to the pre determined research questions. The parameters that were studied in the questionnaire were customer satisfaction rates, likelihood of customers for reorder, availability of machine parts, reliability of couriers, types of consumer complaints, frequency of the grievances and others. The quantitative data collected in this research includes the frequency of grievances, number of satisfied customers, number of dissatisfied customers, and number of manpower (technical operators). The qualitative data collected includes the types of customer complaint, reliability of courier services used, quality of the human resource and others. Data Analysis The researcher would utilize two categories of data namely quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis (Gelman et al., 2014). The quantitative data comprises of graphical representation of the collected data. There are various methods of analyzing the data such as excel sheets, pie charts, mathematical tools, bar graphs, scatter diagram and others (Gelman et al., 2014). The qualitative data comprises of the observations, surveys, online forums and others. The literature review is also used to analyze the qualitative data (Gelman et al., 2014). The quantitative data analysis consists of the testing of the theoretical framework of the problem statement and the different variables associated with the problem. This type of data analysis displays the strengths of association between the dependant as well as independent variables. It is also important to test the null hypothesis as well as the alternate hypothesis. The researcher may also use the methods of multiple regressions, which f urther strengthens the test of association. Results The data analysis gives some interesting results. The researcher used the results to deduce suitable conclusions. The customers were not happy with the present services of the division. The quality of services was poor and it did not match the customer requirements. There was lack of trained manpower, especially the technical operators. The couriers that were used for pick and delivery of the customers instruments were faulty in nature and cannot be trusted. It was found out that some machine parts were not available in the local markets, but they were available in the national market. On an average, there were four to five customer complaints in a day. The primary issues of the complaints were lack of service, poor quality of the services, poor quality of the courier services, non availability of the technical operators, and non-availability of the various machine parts. The researcher found out that the customer satisfaction levels were poor and the customers were not likely to com e back for re-orders. Ethical considerations The researcher should abide by the specifications of the ethical conduct of research for the purpose of the truthful achievement of the goals or objectives of the research. The participants should not be forced to take part in the data collection process. It is the duty of the researcher to ensure privacy of information. Budget and Timelines Weeks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Project Milestones Research Objectives Research questions Research outcome Research Process Data collection process Data analysis Ethical Consideration Dummy Tables Contents of the Research Proposal Main points Problem Statement Identifies main issue of the research Purpose of Research Goals and objectives of the research Research Objectives Specific objectives of the research Research questions Questions for the specific research Research outcome End results expected from the research Research Hypothesis Two types of hypothesis formulated Research Process Procedure of the research Sample Design Number of people interviewed Data collection process Procedures followed for the collection of data Data analysis Procedure for analysis of data collected Ethical Consideration Ethical guidelines for carrying out research process Questions Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Are the customers happy with the services Yes No Dont know Are the customers likely to come back for repeat orders? Yes No Dont know Are there sufficient manpower? Yes No Dont know Is the courier service reliable? Yes No Dont know Are the machine parts available in local market? Yes No Dont know Are the machine parts available in the national market? Yes No Dont know Are there any customer complaints? Yes No Dont know References Bryman, A. (2015).Social research methods. Oxford university press. Creswell, J. W. (2013).Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Englander, M. (2012). The interview: Data collection in descriptive phenomenological human scientific research.Journal of Phenomenological Psychology,43(1), 13-35. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman Hall/CRC. Repko, A. F., Szostak, R. (2016).Interdisciplinary research: Process and theory. Sage Publications. Silverman, D. (2013).Doing qualitative research: A practical handbook. SAGE Publications Limited.

Zeus In Greek Mythology Essay Example For Students

Zeus In Greek Mythology Essay In order to explain certain natural events, such as earthquakes, windstorms, andthunder and lightning storms, The Greeks invented a collection of myths andcharacters. Just as with most modern religions, Greek Mythology bases most ofits myths on morality and ethics issues. Unlike Egyptian Mythology, theGreeks did not focus on what was going to happen in their afterlife. They weremore concerned with the here and now. There was no written special commandmentsin Greek Mythology. The Greeks did, however, base most of their moral andethical ideals on the Iliad and the Odyssey, both written by Homer. In his work,Homer says that man holds his own fate in his hands. He portrays that wrath willcause much suffering, pain, and even death. Homer formed the fundamentalattitude of the Greek mind. He established the foundation of excellence for allaspects of life, and the Greeks put these into their reality. Nothing was knownabout Homer or any part of his life, so the question arises as to whether H omerwas a single individual or was he, in actuality, a collection of authors. TheGreeks had a polytheistic culture. Unlike the religions of other ancientcivilizations, the Greeks created the gods in their own image. They were holydeities that could make contact with humans, often in a disguise. The gods hadthe same desires and weaknesses as human beings and the myths often portrayedthem as lustful, greedy and vengeful. There was no holy place that the Greekswent and prayed to the gods. Instead, the temples that were erected, were forthe gods to come and visit. Festivals were often held to praise the gods. Duringthese festivals, no war could be fought. The gods spoke to humans throughoracles and people often went to these oracles for advise on what the godswanted. The gods were used to explain whether humans would have great fortune orhardships. They lived at the highest point of Greece, Mount Olympus. Accordingto the myths, there were three generations of gods. The first were the Ti tans. We will write a custom essay on Zeus In Greek Mythology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The second group of gods were the Olympians and the last were the Lessor Gods. Cronus was the leader of the Titans. He was married to Rhea. As the ruler of theTitans, he had been warned that one of his children would overthrow him. Toprevent this, he swallowed all five of them. Rhea became pregnant again, and didnot want her sixth child to be swallowed. She hid away until the baby was born. This baby was Zeus, later to become the king of the Olympians. When Rheareturned, she deceived Cronus by giving him a rock wrapped in cloth to swallow. After being raised by Nymphs, Zeus grew strong and went back to find Rhea. Gaea,the Earth goddess, gave Zeus a potion. Cronus was, once again, deceived and hedrank the potion. The magic potion forced Cronus to vomit up all of Zeusbrothers and sisters; Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades and Poseidon. A war broke outbetween the Titans and the Olympians. It was a war of natural disasters andusing thunder, lightning, rough seas and volcanoes, the Olympians werevictorious over the Titans. Zeus sent his father and uncles to the underworld. Zeus was the god of the sky and the rain. His weapon was a thunderbolt. Hemarried his sister, Hera, the goddess of marriage. Zeus gained marriage to herthrough trickery. He pretended to be a bird to convince Hera to feel sorry forhim. As soon as she comforted the little creature, he changed back into hisnormal form. He then raped her. Hera only married him because of the shame thatshe felt. Hera was often been portrayed as a jealous nuisance but Zeusrepeatedly chased earth women and goddesses, having many affairs that bore manychildren. The greatest temple in Greece was in honor of Hera. In actuality, themyths show that man worshipped her For before Zeus was worshipped. godoriginally was thought to have the form of the woman. Early man worshipped thefemale body either pregnant or of age to have children. The only power humanshad was over reproduction, so this was sacred. Zeus had two brothers that helpedhim defeat his father Cronus. Poseidon was the God of the sea, earthquakes andhor ses. He also had the ability to change shape, and, oftentimes, he changedinto a horse. The trident was his weapon and although he was allowed to live onMount Olympus, he spent most of the time underwater. Hades was Zeus otherbrother. He chose to rule the underworld. He possessed a helmet that made thewearer invisible to both gods and humans. Aside from the many other gods thatreigned in Mount Olympus, there were dozens of mythical , and sometimesfrightening creatures. The Cyclopes were three brothers, Arges, Brontes andSteropes. They each had only one eye in the middle of their forehead. They werefriends of Zeus because they made the lightning bolts, the trident and thehelmet that later defeated Cronus. Another creature was the Sphinx. She had thebody of a lion, the wings of an eagle and the head of a woman. She would pose aquestion to passers-by who wanted to go into Thebes. What being in onelifetime goes on four legs, at another time on two, and yet when it is old, goeson three? A wrong answer would earn the travelers death by strangulation ofthe Sphinxs lion claws. One day, Oedipus came upon this hideous creature andshe asked the question of him. His answer was, Why the being is man, for as ababy he crawls on four legs and then, when he is grown up, he walks on two. Inold age, a walking stick becomes his third leg. The Sphinx was furious atOedipus because he guessed the answer correct. He broke the spell. One look atMedusa could turn any man to stone. She was once a beautiful girl turned into amonster, with snakes coming from her head, by Athena, the Goddess of wisdom. .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .postImageUrl , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:hover , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:visited , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:active { border:0!important; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:active , .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893 .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1348912beee55e4c2c2ac3c64a25a893:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Yellow Wallpaper – Journey into Insanity Essay ThesisEver wonder why the city of Atlantis was lost? The myth states that Poseidon,deeply in love with a mortal girl, made an island for her. He married her andthey produced five sets of twins, all male. Atlantis was named after the eldestof the sons, Atlas, after he died. Atlas sons made Atlantis the richestkingdom in all the world.. It had a brass-covered wall around the kingdom and atemple built from solid gold. Soon this wealth became overwhelming. People werefighting and they became very greedy. Zeus, after finding what was happening tothis city, ordered that something be done. He sunk the island to the bottom ofthe ocean sea using a huge tidal wave. Whether or not Atlantis really existed isnot proven, but many have tried to find it. Greek myths gave the Ancient Greeksanswers to the unexplainable that they could relate to. They sent messages tothe people that greed, lust, and wrath could have devastating consequences. Through myths about the gods and mythical creatures, man could see his ownfaults and, possibly prevent or correct them. The Greeks had no idea whylightning burned a whole city to the ground or wind tore apart ships in theMediterranean. They blamed themselves and their gods, the only way thatthey knew how to deal with everyday life. BibliographyAnis Greek Mythology Website. Online. Metacrawler. 25 September 1999. Available http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/5065/greek.html. GreekMythology. Online. Metacrawler. 25 September 1999 Available http://www.unistory.com. Hunt, John. Greek Mythology. Online. Metacrawler. 25 September1999. Available http://www.math.utk.edu/ ~vasili/GR_link/Greek_myth/greek_myth. html#Greekmythintro. Mythweb. San Francisco: Fleet Gazelle, 1993. Online. Metacrawler. 25 September 1999. Available http://www.mythweb.com. Parada,Carlos. Greek Mythology Link. 1997. Online. Metacrawler. 25 September 1999. Available http://hsa.brown.edu/~maicar.

Chutzph Dershowitz essays

Chutzph Dershowitz essays In Alan Dershowitz's novel Chutzpah, he devotes an entire section to the issue of, and his personal feelings about James Pollard. He begins this section with a description of the way in which this man was caught selling classified government documents to the nation of Israel. Basically this man was a Jewish American spy for the Israeli government because of a duty he felt stemming from a secret loyalty he felt toward the nation of Israel. Over an extended period of time this man sold thousand of secret documents which in the eyes of Weinberger, the Secretary of Defense for the United States was a Òserious breech in national security.Ó Dershowitz emphasizes in great detail how in order to avoid a trial in which the declassification of these documents would be required, Pollard was pressured to accept a plea bargain in which he would plead guilty, give full disclosure pertaining to the information he handed over, and release all rights to any of his future published material that pertained to the case. In exchange for these things he would be granted a formal request by the US government to the judge of the case which would call for a restricted sentence for him and his wife. Pollard agreed to this deal and was satisfied with it until he received a sentence of life in a maximum security prison and his wife received 5 years in prison. The evidence that Dershowitz presents suggests that Pollard did get an unfair deal, and a much harsher sentence than others in the past have received for similar crimes. Dershowitz st...

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay - 4

Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example Yankee Clippers is a revolutionary innovation in men’s grooming, providing a variety of beauty services and products to the male clientele. The target market is the youthful male consumer, between ages 16 and 35, a market segment with the most revenue earnings potential for this business concept due to specific market characteristics, socio-economic demographics, and lifestyle relevancy associated with this brand concept. Outside of the traditional hairstyling service dimension, Yankee Clippers will offer consultation services, skin peeling and bleaching, and provide in-house merchandising talent as part of the sales model to generate more direct salesmanship and higher profitability through product sales commitments achieved with in-store patrons. Consultation services for men seeking beauty enhancement will generally occur via appointment in which 30-minute or 60-minute consultations will be contracted. The essential brand philosophy of Yankee Clippers (the organisational mi ssion) is that men will benefit from taking more proactive responsibility for grooming and beauty, offering consumers social competitive advantage through Yankee Clippers expert beauty systems operational model. Yankee Clippers will offer top-quality beauty and grooming products along a moderate pricing structure, procured from a variety of top-known beauty brands catering to the male consumer. The main branding goal of the organisation is establishment of service quality and product quality, which will ultimately provide justification for a premium service and sales model for the discriminating client in which beauty and grooming are significant lifestyle attributes and needs. Unlike other competition in this market, Yankee Clippers will differentiate through talent management modelling internally, exclusivity, and choice related to the premium positioning strategy. The beauty industry for men is growing explosively, providing excellent market opportunity so long as Yankee Clippers develops a strong emphasis on the marketing and promotional functions. In 1998, 42 billion USD were spent in salons (Hairstyles-7.com 2004). By 2004, nearly seven billion USD were spent on colouring treatments, hairsprays, shampoos, conditioners, and other relevant grooming products (Hairstyles-7.com 2004). This represents a significant market opportunity that continues to expand as more men become cognizant of the importance of grooming for social and professional growth. In 2010, as one example, L’Oreal experienced a 30 percent increase in sales revenue stemming from male grooming product sales (CBS Chicago 2011). The international and domestic sales markets for male grooming products continues to predict ongoing sales growth, in which Yankee Clippers believes it will be able to successfully capitalise to gain a prominent male-oriented, consumer-centric beauty business brand with superior competitive advantage in the local market. 2. Description of the business Brand recog nition and the pursuit of establishing brand loyalty and brand equity are the primary drivers of the Yankee Clippers marketing and sales model. In the UK, Yankee Clippers maintains minimal competition for male-centric beauty services, thus giving the business a competitive advantage immediately after launch. Marketing theory provides research-supported knowledge that brand loyalty is a product of companies that are

In different ways Beckett and Heaney are both concerned with the Essay

In different ways Beckett and Heaney are both concerned with the limits of communication in their works. Discuss, with reference to Becketts Waiting for Godo - Essay Example On the other hand, there are those who consider the play to be confusing, lacking the ability to communicate with the viewers and without any deeper meaning than is presented prima facie. However, as a tragicomedy, it can be seen to communicate elements of both tragedies and comedies (Beckett, 1952). The hint in the subtitle communicates to the viewers that they should seek out tragic meanings in the comic parts and leads the audience to pay greater attention towards situational humor in the tragic parts of the play. The combination of tragedy and comedy is perhaps the greatest genius of this play and the way it communicates meaning to the audience. Considering the elements of a tragedy we can observe ideas like the death of a hero, an error in judgment made by a character, a character who suffers greatly, a separation from friends and a complete loss of hope. A comedy could give us images like the endurance of a hero, the joy of success, pleasure at reunion and the hero coming over great odds to win a wonderful victory. Clearly, all these elements are present in the play and are worked into situations and conversations between the characters with great skill (Beckett, 1952). However, Beckett does show that the communication of a message is not an easy task since the play is often quite mixed in the message it gives to the audience. For instance, while the heroes are planning to hang themselves, they are also able to think about getting an erection. Not only are they able to think about it, but Estragon is actually quite excited about the hanging since it could lead to an erection. Another element of a comedy comes in as ‘hope’ where they decide to continue waiting for Godot before going further with the idea of hanging themselves (Beckett, 1952). What the audience gets as a communication from Beckett is that the seeking of death to end misery is a perfect element of a

LBs Management Case Study Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

LBs Management Case Study Questions - Essay Example Throughout the launching process, the Forever Young global advertising and communications team faced various challenges including miscommunication between the Toronto and London offices, information deficiency, and deficiency of time to deliver a final product. Team’s poor coordination and the decision by Florin and David to leave resulted in a team that had little knowledge of the market. These difficulties derailed the launching process. The difficulties experienced by LB’s organization are attributable to the use of a long communication link instead of a direct communication which was needed for the turnaround. The organization’s communication link encompassed account supervisors at the London and Toronto offices causing delays, and making it hard for the teams to quickly share information that would have helped in product designing. Also, these challenges are attributable to the failure of LB to adopt face-to-face communication, which would have helped in bui lding the togetherness that the organization direly needed at the launching phase. If I were Janet Carmichael, I will decentralize the team. After decentralization, I would adopt the traditional format of task assigning. This would be most expedient for the organization. After decentralization, it will imply that client’s local offices will gain more ability and power. Effective coordination will thus take place at the local level, and cost efficiency of the venture will be enhanced since LB’s team will work directly with clients.

Hip hop music

Hip hop music Muziekstijl 20e eeuw HIPHOP Voorwoord Ik heb voor de muziekstijl hiphop gekozen omdat ik vind dat hier de laatste tijd de meeste aandacht naar uitgaat. Ik wil graag weten hoe de hiphop, rappers en alles eromheen was ontstaan en hoe dat is uitgegroeid tot de hiphop die we nu kennen. Geschiedenis van Hiphop. DJ Kool Herc Het hiphop verhaal begint met Kool Herc, een immigrant van Jamaicaanse afkomst. Op buurtfeesten (blockparties) intorduceerde hij het Toasting. Hij rijmde over de reggae muziek heen. Hij gebruikte hierbij twee draaitafel waarmee hij wisselde tussen verschillende liedjes, een heel ander geluid ontstond hierdoor. Het rijmen kreeg een naam: MCing, dit staat voor Master of Ceremony. Het DJ-en beviel Kool Herc wel en hij liet het rappen totaal over aan Coke Ja Rock en Clark Kent. Het eerste rapteam was geboren en ze kregen de naam: Kool Herc and the Herculoids. Kool Herc was de grondlegger van de rapmuziek, maar hij was niet de uitvinder van het scratchen. Hierbij wordt een plaat in de tegengestelde richting gedraaid en dit geeft een typisch krassend geluid wat veel wordt gebruikt in de rapmuziek. Het verhaal gaat dat Grand Wizard Theodore het scratchen per ongeluk heeft uitgevonden. Toen zijn moeder hem riep dat de muziek te hard stond, hield hij de draaiende plaat tegen en hierbij hoorde hij het scratchende geluid dat de plaat maake Evolutie van hiphop Sugarhill gang RUN DMC heeft ook nog een twee primeur op zijn naam staan, ze waren de eerste die samen een song componeerde met een rockgroep, aerosmith. Dit nummer is vrij bekend: walk this way. Hierna ging het snel met de rapmuziek, sterren volgden elkaar op en eind jaren 80 kwam er een nieuwe stijl op de markt. Het geluid was minder ruw en er werd gebruikt gemaakt van samples. Een sampler is een apparaat waarmee een stukje muziek zoals een baslijn of een drumritme apart kan worden opgenomen. In die tijd ontstonden er ook copyrights. Artiesten klaagden andere artiesten aan omdat er stukjes van hun muziek werden gebruikt. Begin jaren 90 word door velen het creatief hoogtepunt genoemd. Er ontstaan veel nieuwe groepen met een nieuwe sound. Hierbij gebruikten ze veel samples uit oude soul-, funk-, en jazzplaten, dit gaf hun producties een rustiger en artistieker geluid. Tegenwoordig is de rapmuziek een muzieksoort waarin miljarden dollars per jaar worden omgezet. Er valt veel geld te verdienen in deze industrie en daarom proberen veel nieuwe artiesten door te breken! Tegenwoordig worden veel stijlen gemixt, zoals Rap met RB of heavy metal. Sommigen vinden dat dit ten koste gaat van de muziek, omdat zij de muzieksoort liever underground houden en vinden dat de huidige hiphopcultuur niks meer te maken heeft met graffiti en breakdance. Anderen zien in de huidige en nieuwe rapmuziek een nieuwe commercià «le muziekstroming die gewoon lekker in het gehoor ligt. Waarden en normen van hiphop vroeger Orgineel is hiphop begonnen als een underground sfeer die altijd moest opboksen tegen het onbegrip van de media. Hiphoppers waren in die tijd zeer op zichzelf aangewezen. Hierdoor was het voor buitenstaanders in die tijd heel moeilijk om de hiphoppers te begrijpen. De hiphop werd praktisch door elke radiostation geweigerd en dit zorgde voor een bang tussen de hiphoppers onderling. Hiphop bevat ook altijd een boodschap, deze was meestal niet al te kleurrijk want het schetste meestal een beeld van de uitzichtloze toestand waarin de mensen in de zwarte gettos in leefden. Orginaliteit is ook een belangrijk element in de hiphop, je kan bepaalde elementen overnemen van andere artiesten, maar zorg ervoor dat je altijd je eigen stijl eraan toevoegd. Waarden en normen van hiphop nu Hiphop heeft een enorme opmars gemaakt, dankzij de commercià «le wereld is hiphop groot geworden. Hiphop werd vroeger genegeerd, maar tegenwoordig is het niet meer weg te denken uit de hitlijsten. Dit is wel ten koste gegaan van de oorspronkelijke waarden die de hiphop zo interessant maakten. De orginele band die hiphoppers met elkaar hadden, heeft plaatst moeten maken voor geld. Hiphoppers passen zich tegenwoordig vaak aan aan de consument. De oorspronkelijke waarden hebben moeten wijken voor het geld. Maatschappij In de hiphop van nu hoor je niets meer van de oorspronkelijke waarden. De teksten zijn in tegenstelling tot de eerdere hiphop inhoudsloos en de deuntjes zijn troef. Orginele nummers worden niet meer gedraaid want alles gaat op kijk- en/of luistercijfers en niet op echtheid. De nummers die duidelijke maatschappelijke meningen of zwarte statement bevatten worden achterwege gelaten, terwijl dit de hoofdwaarde van de hiphop is. Uiterlijke kenmerken van hiphop Gedrag In de hiphop draait het vooral om respect. Niet alleen respect voor jezelf, maar ook voor anderen. Dit krijg je door je skills, goed rappen of dansen, gewaagde graffiti te maken, veel van je muziek te weten of de juiste kleding te dragen. Maar ook je houding is erg belangrijk. Cool zijn, echt zijn, rustig blijven en stoer doen. Hiphop draait om originaliteit, je mag best dingen kopià «ren, maar dan moet je je eigen draai eraan geven. Je moet jouw manier van denken en verwerken in je muziek, graffiti, breakdance of iets anders. Je moet je eigen ding doen en geen kopie zijn van een ander. Het spelen met woorden, het anders dan anderen zijn. Een hiphopper is maatschappijkritisch hij heeft respect voor anderen, maar hij maakt zich niet zo druk over wat anderen van hem denken. De allereerste hiphoppers waren heel clean. Drugsgebruik en sigaretten waren taboe onder breakdancers. Maar hiphop komt van de straat en drugs raken vooral de jaren negentig snel geÃÆ' ¯ntegreerd in de scà ¨ne. Veel hiphoppers gaan blowen en drinken alcohol. Voor veel jongeren is de hiphop een leerschool. Door hiphop ontwikkelen ze hun eigen identiteit en krijgen ze zelfvertrouwen. Hiphop geeft je de ruimte jezelf te ontdekken. Wie je bent, wat je voelt, maakt niet uit. Hiphop gebruikt wijsheden, over het leven, over de maatschappij. Het ideaal van veel hiphoppers is om van hun hiphopactiviteiten te kunnen leven. Die activiteiten kosten vaak veel tijd en energie waardoor niet zelden school en werk op een tweede plaats komen te staan. Religie Religie neemt geen bijzondere plek in binnen hiphop. Een bescheiden aantal rappers draagt wel een religieuze boodschap uit, maar het komt vaker voor dat een spirituele, oosterse denkwijze in de teksten verweven zit. Taalgebruik en muziek Hiphop is een levensstijl, een sub- en straatcultuur waarbij rap de taal van de straat is. Hiphoppers en rappers gaan creatief met taal om. Rappers, DJs en producers bedenken bijnamen en hiphoppers creà «ren met een mix van Amerikaans en Nederlands taalgebruik hun eigen ding. Hiphop word ook gekenmerkt door de grote hoeveelheid woorden die in een nummer zit. Dit heeft ervoor gezorgd dat de inhoud van raps in de media terechtkwamen. Daarbij ging het om de opschepperij over zichzelf, of bijvoorbeeld door de schockerende teksten die op de platen te horen was. Hiphop gaat nog steeds vaak over woede, vergeldig, het zware leven, seks, relaties en de samenleving. Kleding Vanaf de begin jaren 80 dragen hiphoppers al sportschoenen, honkbalpetter, trainingsbroeken in felgekleurde stoffen met de bijbehorende kettingen. Hierbij is de hophopcultuur de eerste jongerencultuur die het traingspak omarmt. Als hiphop na 1985 aan terrein wint, verandert ook de hiphopmode. De glimmende, kleurige trainingspakken maken geleidelijk plaats voor strakke spijkerbroeken, leren baseballjacks, sweaters met capuchon, sportschoenen van Adidas en baseballpetten. Begin jaren negentig dragen hiphoppers wijde broeken, houthakkersblouses, T-shirts, sweaters met capuchon en sportschoenen. Ook dunne en dikke bodywarmers zijn populair. Nadat de hiphopscà ¨ne begin jaren negentig een vermainstreaming ondergaat, raakt het uiterlijke vertoon van luxe artikelen in een opmars. In clips voeren regelmatig grote autos, geld, dure merkkleding en gouden kettingen de boventoon. Rappers hebben iets bereikt en willen dat laten zien. Veel hiphoppers gaan van authentieke straatkleding over op het dragen van steeds duurdere merken. Veel rappers hebben tegenwoordig hun eigen kledingmerk. Inmiddels zijn de wijde oversized broek, (sport)schoenen (Nike, Adidas, Timbaland), T-shirts, sweaters met capuchon en een baseballpet in trek. De kleding is dus over het algemeen oversized, gemakkelijk zittend en veel bewegingsruimte toelatend. Het kapsel is over het algemeen kort. Kapsels die populair zijn, zijn onder andere dreadlocks en grote krullen. Voor meisjes was het ook populair om gekleurde plukken in hun haar te doen en hun haar te ontkroesen Doordat hiphop in de loop der jaren is veranderd en aan populariteit heeft gewonnen, is ook de kledingstijl veranderd. De gedachte dat je origineler moet zijn dan de ander maakt dat tevens de kledingstijl regelmatig veranderd. Kleding is om op te vallen, het kopià «ren van een stijl is fout binnen hiphop. Het gaat om het ontwikkelen van je eigen stijl en identiteit. De basis van hiphopkleding is om rebellie en being different uit te drukken. Instrumenten De instrumenten die werden gebruikt in de hiphop waren vooral de draaitafel, de drumcomputer en samples. Maar het allerbelangrijkst, vooral in de vroegere hiphop was dat je muziek kon maken zonder instrumenten. Met meerdere mensen kon je een hele goede beat maken. De een beatboxde, de andere deed aparte beatjes erbij, weer een andere deed de bas met zijn stem en de ander rapte. 4 onderdelen van de hiphop 1. DJ Turntablism Turntablism vat alles samen wat met turntables (draaitafels) te maken heeft. De turntablist (dj) maakt gebruik van twee turntables en probeert daar het maximale uit te halen aan geluiden, ritmes en beats. Alhoewel djs oorspronkelijk alleen de MCs begeleidden zijn er ook veel djs die zich alleen bezig houden met het creà «ren van de instrumentale vorm van rapmuziek. Er worden jaarlijks grote battles (wedstrijden) gehouden waarin de djs met de beste skills worden gekozen. De meest toonaangevende toernooien zijn de ITF (International Turntable Federation) en DMC battles waaraan djs uit de hele wereld deelnemen. De meeste Turntablists maken deel uit van collectieven. Enkele bekende collectieven zijn: X-ecutioners, The Allies, Beat Junkies, 5th Platoon en The invisble Skratch Piklz. Enkele termen zijn: Beat juggling Hierbij wordt een continu ritme gecreà «erd door de beats van twee verschillende platen af te wisselen. De snelheid kan aangepast worden waardoor een nieuwe beat ontstaat. Het handmatig op en neer draaien van een plaat waardoor een scratchend krassend geluid ontstaat. Er zijn met het mengpaneel verschillende geluidseffecten te maken terwijl wordt gescratched. In Turntable battles is het de kunst zo origineel mogelijk te zijn in het creà «ren van nieuwe geluiden, ritmes en effecten. Een jury bepaalt wie de winnaar is. De jongste winnaar van alle toonaangevende battles Is DJ A-Trak uit Canada. Op zijn vijftiende won hij zijn eerste wereldtitel. A-Trak zat toen nog gewoon op de middelbare school en versloeg alle turntable-grootheden. Tegenwoordig zit hij bij The Allies en is nog steeds een van de beste Turntablists. Dat mag ook wel, hij oefent zon 4 a 5 uur per dag. 2. Graffiti. Sinds het begin der tijden hebben mensen op muren geschilderd. De Neanderthaler deed het de Egyptenaren deden het, de Romeinen deden het enzovoort. In WOII werd er veel gekalkt, het was een vorm van verzet en daarom ook levensgevaarlijk. Na de oorlog werd er minder op de muren geschreven. In de jaren 50 bakende Amerikaanse jongerenbendes hun territorium af met op de muren gekalkte merktekens te zetten. In de jaren 60 werd het mode zijn politieke keuzes op allerlei gebouwen te zetten. Groepen jongeren wilden de maatschappij duidelijk maken dat opvattingen en verhoudingen aan vernieuwing en verandering toe waren. Dankzij de technische ontwikkeling werden er naast krijt ook spuitbussen en viltstiften gebruikt. Graffiti is à ©Ãƒ ©n van de 4 pijlers van de hiphopbeweging en het verspreide zich samen met de hiphop over de hele wereld. Maar jammer genoeg is niet alle graffiti legaal, hier en daar komen er legale zones waar de graffitispuiters hun gang kunnen gaan, maar op de meeste plaatsen blijft graffiti nog illegaal. Zo is er een nieuw graffitibeleid aangekondigd, zodat de daders voortaan op gevangenisstraffen kunnen rekenen. Ondanks alles groei de acceptatie van de kunstvorm. Steeds meer mensen komen tot de conclusie dat graffiti niet alleen maar ongecontroleerd kladwerk is. De meeste houden er na een vrij korte tijd mee op, niet zelden na een dure ervaring met het gerecht. Diegenen die het wel volhouden en het nodige talent hebben, ontwikkelen een eigen stijl en maken na verloop van tijd werken die het bekijken waard zijn. Rizon uit Antwerpen is zo iemand, hij staat bekend om zijn spectaculaire 3D-werken. Andere termen van GRAFFITI BALLONLETTERS: dit zijn letters waar geen hoeken aan zitten en dus door ronde vormen zijn opgebouwd OUTLINEN: de letters of de tekening terug omlijnen HIGHLIGHTS: een soort glans die je ziet als je het werk van ver bekijkt TOY: beginner WRITER: artiest KING: volleerde spuiter Redenen voor GRAFFITI soms alleen maar uit verveling om de kick, het opwindende gevoel iets te doen dat niet mag, omdat het illegaal is omdat de kunstwerken in het openbaar gemaakt worden, hierdoor krijg je bekendheid om het straatbeeld of stadsbeeld te veranderen, vrolijker, kleuriger en minder saai TAG: de naam of het herkenningsteken van een graffitispuiter, men noemt het ook wel een gestileerde handtekening. Het bestaat ui een met kleur gespoten woord, naam, figuurtje, of soms zelfs alleen maar een letter, het dient als herkenningspunt voor de andere spuiters of voor diegene die hem kenen. Het is bijna altijd een schuilnaam, dit zet je meestal onder een kunstwerk. THROW UP: dit is een word of een simpele tekening. Het is meestal met 2, soms 3 kleuren gespoten, deze soort werd ontwikkeld doordat graffiti verboden werd. De graffitispuiters moesten sneller werken en konden dus niet meer als 2 of 3 kleuren veroorloven STAMP: dit is een geà «volueerde vorm van de throw up. Deze stijl maakt gebruik van letters die een driedimensionaal effect veroorzaken. Dit kan d.m.v. schaduwen of lichtere kleuren lijntjes binnen het werk. Deze vorm maakt meestal gebruik van 3 of 4 kleuren PIECE: dit is meestal een groot geheel en er is de tijd voor genomen. Alles wordt hierin erg goed uitgewerkt en er wordt met veel kleuren gewerkt. Er wordt gebruik gemaakt van een omlijning, schaduw en dergelijke. Er is een ongeschreven graffitiwet dat je nooit over een ander piece heen mag spuiten. 3. Breakdance Breakdance wordt in de VanDale beschreven als acrobatische danse waarbij de danser zich ook liggend en draaiend op de grond beweegt. Ik vind dit persoonlijk een vrij eenvoudige beschrijving van breakdance, want in werkelijkheid is het veel meer. Ik denk niet dat het alleen een manier van dansen is, maar vooral een manier van jongeren om zich te uiten. Breakdance wordt ook vaak gebruikt om met en tegen elkaar te dansen. Afkomst Breakdance is ontstaan in Amerika, breakdance is ingevoerd door Afro-Amerikanen die het oorspronkelijk als een tijdverdrijf toepasten. Daarom zijn de eerste bekende breakdancers bijna allemaal zwarte Amerikanen. Breakdance heeft allerlei bewegingen overgenomen uit de traditionele Afrikaanse dans, de Braziliaanse vechtsport en de Chinese vechtsporten ook capoiera genoemd. Breakdance is de lichaamstaal van het hiphoppen, daarbij is het een mix van grond-, vechtsport-, acrobatische en dansbewegingen. Onderdelen breakdance: Powermoves. Dit zijn snelle acrobatische bewegingen die vrij veel kracht vereisen. Voorbeelden hiervan zijn de spins. Headspin(zie rechts), backspin, kneespin, hierbij draai je snel rond op je hoofd, rug of knieà «n. Deze bewegingen zijn het belangrijkste onderdeel van breakdance, het is dus belangrijke dat je deze goed onder de knie hebt. Electrics. Deze kun je weer verdelen in 2 onderdelen. Je kunt mensen de illusie laten wekken dat je heel soepel bent, het lijkt dan net of je geen botten hebt. Een ander onderdeel is dat je heel schokkerig beweegt, je probeert het zelfde effect te creà «ren als bij een robot.   Freezes. Dit zijn stilstaande moves, waarbij je in een keer stilstaat in een powermover. Het is pas een freeze als je langer dan 2 seconden stilstaat. Battles. Als 2 breakdancers tegen elkaar gaan dansen dan spreekt men van een battle. Daarbij probeert men elkaar steeds te overtreffen en wie de moeilijkste moves kan vertonen wint de battle. Battles gebeuren vooral in groep, dan gaan 2 groepen tegenover elkaar staan en gaan alle leden zo moeilijk mogelijke moves laten zien om zo de andere groep te overtreffen. Maar dikwijls hangt het niet alleen af van de moves want het publiek beslist wie de battle wint. Dus de groep die het publiek het beste kan entertainen wint meestal de battle ongeacht of ze nu de beste moves hebben vertoont. Daarom proberen de groepen elkaar te imponeren door te bluffen en verbaal geweld te gebruiken. Er worden in verschillende landen heel veel grote battles georganiseerd zoals battle of the Benelux of freestyle sessions in Amerika. Elk jaar wordt er in Duitsland ook het onofficià «le wereldkampioenschap gehouden dit evenement noemt the battle of the year. 4. Rappen Rappen is 1 van de vier belangrijkste elementen van de hiphopcultuur, naast DJ-en, graffiti en breakdance. Rappen wordt ook wel MCen genoemd en is een vorm van rijmend praten en zingen. De letterlijke vertaling van rappen is slap auwehoeren of er uit flappen. Meestal gebeurt het rappen in samenwerking met een dj die via zijn draaitafels (turntables) voor een beat zorgt. MC staat voor Master of ceremony in de hip hop,de rol van de MC is de platen van de DJ aan elkaar te praten door te rappen.De beste MCs zijn degenen die razendsnel een tekst kunnen improviseren. Er worden MC-battles (wedstrijden) gehouden, waarbij het de bedoeling is dat twee MCs elkaar verbaal proberen in te maken. De MCer gebruikt meestal de hulp van de human beatboxer dat letterlijk staat voor menselijke drummachine. Beatboxers doen met hun mond een drummachine na en maken zo een ritme waarop de rapper kan rappen. Sommige zien beatboxers als het vijfde element van de hip hop. Dankzij de human beatboxer heeft de rapper geen dure apparatuur nodig en kan hij zonder problemen op elke hoek van de straat een show opvoeren. Nawoord Ik vond het heel interessant om dit werkstuk over hiphop te doen. Ik ben dingen tegengekomen die ik niet wist. Interessante dingen over bijvoorbeeld het breakdancen en hoe de hiphop is ontstaan. Ik vind het een mooie stijl, persoonlijk hou ik meer van de oudere hiphop omdat daar meer diepgang in zit. Het feit dat de rappers het daar hebben over het moeilijke leven en hoe ze zich wouden afzetten tegen de maatschappij spreekt mij erg aan. Ik vind het erg jammer dat de hiphop de laatste jaren om geld, vrouwen en status gaat. De oudere hiphop was veel puurder. 2

Causes of Teenage Suicide Essay -- Teenage Suicide Essays

Every year thousands of youth in the United States die, not by car accidents or diseases, but by their own hands. Every 90 seconds a teenager commits suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death among 15 to 25 year olds. Suicide accounts for 12 percent of the mortality in the adolescent and young adult group. Males are more likely than females to follow through with suicide. For every successful suicide there are fifty to one hundred adolescent suicide attempts. More than five percent of all teenagers try to commit suicide. Many factors contribute to teenage suicide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most teens who attempt suicide are in a deep depression. This depression can be caused by two major factors. These include stress and significant loss. Stress causes most depression. Stress itself has many factors. Two of them include pressure to succeed and stress from relationships. The pressure to succeed may be to get high grades, get a good job, be accepted into a prestige college, or to excel, â€Å"win† in sports. The significant loss may be of a job, loved one, or health.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Equally important to depression is low self esteem. We live in a society that emphasizes a high standard of beauty. The newspapers, magazines, movies, and television are all filled with images of beautiful, â€Å"perfect† people. For example, Cindy Crawford, she has done numerous advertisements for things such as makeup and she ha...